Damp coming through solid Victorian walls
Most pre-1920s Clapham houses were built with solid brickwork and no cavity, so there is nothing inside the wall to stop water crossing from outside to inside. Once the parapet, the pointing or a chimney has let water into the masonry, it moves through the wall rather than being caught. This is why a damp patch on an upstairs Clapham wall so often has nothing to do with the covering on the roof.